Part 1
2023年4月3日 09:28
世界各地都有歌♥曲在流传
There are songs around the world that rise up to be heard.
这是团结社区和连结文化的声音
Voices that unite communities and cultures.
这头年幼的座头鲸 将学习这种语言的力量
This young humpback will learn the power of such language.
它将与其他成员联♥系♥
He’ll connect to others. . .
用洪亮 悠长和清晰的声音传播信息
and broadcast loud, and long, and clear.
但这都是后话
But that’s later.
就眼下来说 它只是一头正在学说话的幼崽
For now, he’s a baby learning to speak.
一开始 跟自己的妈妈
In whispers at first. . .
悄声低语
with his mother.
这是一种温柔的语言 充满着爱
It is a tender language, of love. . .
承诺
-commitment. . .
和牺牲
. . . and sacrifice.
这位鲸鱼妈妈跋涉了6♥4♥00多公里
This whale mother traveled more than 4, 000 miles,
从南极洲来到赤道的温暖水域
from Antarctica to the warmth of the equator,
在这里产下幼崽
to have her baby.
现在它们将一起返回
Now, together, they will journey back.
在整个旅程中 它将不再进食
In all this time, she won’t eat.
但它的幼崽却要一路靠它哺乳 直至到达南极
Yet, her child drinks from her all the way to the pole.
这是一趟带着使命的宏大旅程
It’s an epic voyage with a purpose.
其目的是看看这头幼崽 是否有茁壮成长的能力
To see if this baby has what it takes to thrive.
并成为这个隐秘世界中的歌♥唱明星
And to become the singing sensation of a hidden world.
旁白 西格妮·韦弗
直到现在 我们才开始了解 座头鲸与人类有多么相像
Only now are we beginning to understand how much humpback whales are like us.
它们呼吸空气
They breathe air. . .
拥有巨大的大脑
have large brains. . .
和巨型的心脏
and big hearts.
但它们也有文化
But they also have culture.
它们的世界取决于对年轻一代的教育
Their world depends upon educating their young,
以及复杂的交流
and sophisticated communication.
至少在一个地方 它们甚至培养出特别的友谊
And in at least one place, they even foster special friendships.
阿♥拉♥斯加州
现在是阿♥拉♥斯加州锡特卡的夏季
It’s summer in Sitka, Alaska.
准备好迎接这一季的精彩演出吧
Stand by for the spectacle of the season.
海狮们知道好戏即将登场
The sea lions know it’s coming.
还有海鸥
And the gulls. . .
它们在标记领地
they mark the spot.
只有一百多头阿♥拉♥斯加座头鲸 能奉上这样的表演
Only about a hundred Alaskan humpbacks can put on a show like this.
这出好戏名叫“泡泡结网捕食法”
It’s called bubble-net feeding.
每头鲸鱼各司其职 利用吹出的泡泡来围捕鱼
Each individual whale plays a role in using bubbles to corral fish.
它们好比一支管弦乐队
Think of it like an orchestra.
首先登场的是号♥手
First, there are trumpeters.
它们用声音吓唬鲱鱼 使其聚到一起
They use sound to scare herring into a group.
然后 “牧羊人”把它们赶拢
Then, herders bring them in closer.
乐队最后一拨成员是“泡泡师”
The final members of the ensemble are bubblers.
它们吹出泡泡 逼迫鲱鱼 在靠近水面的地方形成一个紧密的球
They blow bubbles that force fish into tight balls near the surface.
它们相互交流 协调行动
They talk to each other to coordinate.
然后管弦乐队变成芭蕾舞团
And then, the orchestra becomes a ballet.
这只是这里上演的魔法大戏的 一小部分
This is only a small part of the real magic going on here.
这些鲸鱼并非一个家族
These whales are not family.
但每年 它们总能在阿♥拉♥斯加海湾
Yet, every year, they somehow find one another
幽暗的海底深处找到彼此
in the dark depths of the Gulf of Alaska. . .
像老朋友一样重聚
and regroup like old friends.
独奏同样效果惊人
Working solo is just as effective,
但数十年来 它们都选择集体表演
but they’ve chosen to perform as a group for decades.
只是今天 有一位它们的忠实粉丝 在试图追踪它们
Only today, they have a dedicated fan trying to track them down.
他就是《国家地理》的探险家 兼世界知名摄影师
National Geographic explorer, and world-famous whale photographer,
布赖恩·斯克里
Brian Skerry.
老天 我太喜欢了
God, I love that. Love that.
这些庞然大物体长约13米 体重有50到70吨♥
These giant animals, 43 feet long. You know, 50, 70 tons.
我很想知道这一切到底如何运作
I would love to get an answer for how it’s all working
还有下面到底发生着什么
and exactly what is going on down there.
这是一种社交能力非常强的动物 或许比我们所理解的更加高明
These are highly social animals, maybe even more than we ever comprehended.
布赖恩花了数周时间 尝试寻找和记录
Brian spends weeks trying to find and document
这种觅食方式
this type of feeding.
这表明座头鲸家族有自己的文化
It’s a sign that humpback whale clans have a culture all their own.
它们不仅仅是在海洋里游动的大鱼
You know, these are not just big fish swimming around in the ocean.
它们有极强的认知能力
There’s a lot more cognition.
有社交行为 而且协同工作
There’s social behaviors, and they work cooperatively.
它们形成了这样的纽带 这样的关系
They have formed these bonds, these relationships.
显然 这其中存在着一种 高层次的复杂性
Clearly, there’s a complexity that’s occurring on a very high level.
独特的鲸鱼社会中 有着各种不同的传统
This is just one ritual in a unique whale society
这只是其中一种仪式
full of different traditions.
一切都始于交流
And it all begins with communication.
科学家安迪·绍博穷尽毕生 只为深入了解
Scientist Andy Szabo has spent his life gaining a deep understanding
座头鲸的语言
of humpback language.
-你听听 好 我还真想听听
-Listen to that. Yeah, I’d like to.
肯定是觅食的呼喊声
That’s definitely a feeding call.
很狂野
That is wild.
非常悠长
That’s that long, that. . .
对 没开玩笑 哇
-Yeah, no kidding. Wow.
如果安迪的解读正确
If Andy interprets correctly,
那些鲸鱼会告诉他 它们将于何时从何处浮出水面
the whales will tell him when and where they’ll surface.
它们肯定就在我们附近
Oh, they’re gonna be right around us.
-我的天！ 快起来 它们来了！
Holy. . . Oh, my God!
-快看！ 我的天！
Oh, my God!
哇塞！
Wow!
在那边 又从我们附近冒出来！
Oh, oh, oh. Right here, beside us again!
就在那边
Right there, right there.
数十年来
These old friends have been meeting up every year
这些老朋友每年都会在这个地方重聚
in this same place for decades.
我看到泡泡结网捕食了
I can see the bubble net.
Oh!
真了不起
It’s pretty cool.
自然界中像鲸鱼这样 能维持长久关系的动物并不多
There’s not a lot of animals out there that have. . . enduring bonds
这里这些鲸鱼维持这样的关系
like this that will persist for, in the case of these whales right here. . .
已经有40多年
forty-plus years.
或许这种文化中带有一种社交因素
Maybe, there is a social element to this culture.
或许这些鲸群就是喜欢合作
Maybe these groups of whales enjoy working together.
当目睹泡泡结网捕食这样的行为时
When you see something like this bubble-net behavior,
我会不禁好奇“世界其他地方 又是怎样的情形呢？”
I can’t help but wonder, “What’s going on elsewhere in the world? ”
世界上的座头鲸分为三个大群
The world’s humpbacks fall into three groups.
大西洋和太平洋的种群集中在北半球
The Atlantic and Pacific populations stick to the Northern Hemisphere.
与此同时 南大洋的座头鲸
Meanwhile, the Southern Ocean humpbacks
将它们的社交提升到了另一个水平
take their social communications to a whole different level.
座头鲸有很多交谈方式
There are lots of ways for humpbacks to converse.
跟人类一样 它们也有很多非语言的沟通
Like people, a lot of their communication is non-verbal.
这样的沟通很复杂
It’s complex. . .
但对座头鲸来说 这种方式更神奇
and with humpbacks, way more spectacular.
西澳大利亚
在西澳大利亚沿海地带
Off the coast of Western Australia,
这场迁徙可能是 世界上最大规模的座头鲸迁徙
what’s likely the world’s largest migration of humpback whales
它们仿佛将水域变成了高速路
turns the water into a highway.
它们都在交谈 不仅用语言 还用行动
They are all talking, not only with words, but with actions.
科学家们利用飞机统计出 有多达三万头座头鲸
Scientists used aircraft to count as many as 30, 000 humpbacks
沿着海岸冲下去
charging down the coast.
它们途经西澳大利亚首府珀斯
They pass the west Australian capital of Perth.
全速向南 直奔南极洲
And steam south towards Antarctica.
它们通过跃身击浪来相互交谈
They use breaches to talk to each other.
水下几公里范围内 都能听到溅起水花的声音
Underwater, the splash can be heard for miles.
巨大的跳跃 是告诉其他鲸鱼它们在哪里
Big leaps tell other whales where they are,
甚至呼唤同伴过来
maybe even call them over.
就像鲸鱼交谈中常见的拍打鳍一样
Just as common in whale chat is fin slapping. . .
座头鲸的鳍是所有鲸鱼中最大的
and humpbacks have the largest fins of any whale.
仿佛像是人类抬手召唤服务员
It’s like raising your hand to attract a waiter.
这可能是这头雌鲸召唤幼崽的方式
And it may be a way for this mother to call over her calf.
对于这头幼崽来说 跃出水面与交流无关
For the calf, breaching is less about chat.
它只是在玩耍而已
It’s pure play.
一头幼鲸可以连续跃出水面40次
A single calf may breach as many as 40 times in a row.
对于这头成年雄鲸来说 这个行为更多是为了吸引异性
And for this adult male, it’s more about attracting a mate.
溅起的水花越大 它就越引人注目
The bigger the splash, the more he’ll stand out.
但仅靠它重达40吨♥的身躯是不够的
But his hulking 40-ton body isn’t enough on its own.
它还需浪漫的旋律
He also needs to romance with a melody.
