愿你们尝到背叛滋味，这会教你们领悟忠诚之重要。

“From time to time in the years to come, I hope you will be treated unfairly, so that you will come to know the value of justice. I hope that you will suffer betrayal because that will teach you the importance of loyalty. ”

抱歉，我还希望你们时常会有孤独感，这样才不会将良朋挚友视为理所当然。

“Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time so that you don’t take friends for granted. ”

愿你们偶尔运气不佳，这样才会意识到机遇在人生中的地位，进而理解你们的成功并非命中注定，别人的失败也不是天经地义。

“I wish you bad luck, again, from time to time so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand that your success is not completely deserved and that the failure of others is not completely deserved either. ”

当你们偶尔遭遇失败时，愿你们受到对手幸灾乐祸的嘲弄，这才会让你们理解体育精神的重要性。

“And when you lose, as you will from time to time, I hope every now and then, your opponent will gloat over your failure. It is a way for you to understand the importance of sportsmanship. ”

愿你们偶尔被人忽视，这样才能学会倾听；

“I hope you’ll be ignored so you know the importance of listening to others.”

感受到切肤之痛，才能对别人有同情的理解。

“And I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.”

美国最高法院首席大法官罗伯茨在儿子毕业典礼上的讲话，发出让人大跌眼镜的祝福和建议。

被这段独树一帜的毕业致辞吸引，于是便找了一下演讲的全文。他在致辞中援引了苏格拉底名言：未经自审的人生没有意义以及鲍勃迪伦的名作（Forever Young）, 道出了一位父亲的良苦用心。

Read Roberts’ full remarks here:

Thank you very much.

Rain, somebody said, is like confetti from heaven. So even the heavens are celebrating this morning, joining the rest of us at this wonderful commencement ceremony. Before we go any further, graduates, you have an important task to perform because behind you are your parents and guardians. Two or three or four years ago, they drove into Cardigan, dropped you off, helped you get settled and then turned around and drove back out the gates. It was an extraordinary sacrifice for them. They drove down the trail of tears back to an emptier and lonelier house. They did that because the decision about your education, they knew, was about you. It was not about them. That sacrifice and others they made have brought you to this point. But this morning is not just about you. It is also about them, so I hope you will stand up and turn around and give them a great round of applause. Please.

Now when somebody asks me how the remarks at Cardigan went, I will be able to say they were interrupted by applause. Congratulations, class of 2017. You’ve reached an important milestone. An important stage of your life is behind you. I’m sorry to be the one to tell you it is the easiest stage of your life, but it is in the books. While you’ve been at Cardigan, you have all been a part of an important international community as well. And I think that needs to be particularly recognized.

[Roberts gave brief remarks in other languages.]

Now around the country today at colleges, high schools, middle schools, commencement speakers are standing before impatient graduates. And they are almost always saying the same things. They will say that today is a commencement exercise. ‘It is a beginning, not an end. You should look forward.’ And I think that is true enough, however, I think if you’re going to look forward to figure out where you’re going, it’s good to know where you’ve been and to look back as well. And I think if you look back to your first afternoon here at Cardigan, perhaps you will recall that you were lonely. Perhaps you will recall that you were a little scared, a little anxious. And now look at you. You are surrounded by friends that you call brothers, and you are confident in facing the next step in your education.

It is worth trying to think why that is so. And when you do, I think you may appreciate that it was because of the support of your classmates in the classroom, on the athletic field and in the dorms. And as far as the confidence goes, I think you will appreciate that it is not because you succeeded at everything you did, but because with the help of your friends, you were not afraid to fail. And if you did fail, you got up and tried again. And if you failed again, you got up and tried again. And if you failed again, it might be time to think about doing something else. But it was not just success, but not being afraid to fail that brought you to this point.

Now the commencement speakers will typically also wish you good luck and extend good wishes to you. I will not do that, and I’ll tell you why. From time to time in the years to come, I hope you will be treated unfairly, so that you will come to know the value of justice. I hope that you will suffer betrayal because that will teach you the importance of loyalty. Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time so that you don’t take friends for granted. I wish you bad luck, again, from time to time so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand that your success is not completely deserved and that the failure of others is not completely deserved either. And when you lose, as you will from time to time, I hope every now and then, your opponent will gloat over your failure. It is a way for you to understand the importance of sportsmanship. I hope you’ll be ignored so you know the importance of listening to others, and I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion. Whether I wish these things or not, they’re going to happen. And whether you benefit from them or not will depend upon your ability to see the message in your misfortunes.

Now commencement speakers are also expected to give some advice. They give grand advice, and they give some useful tips. The most common grand advice they give is for you to be yourself. It is an odd piece of advice to give people dressed identically, but you should — you should be yourself. But you should understand what that means. Unless you are perfect, it does not mean don’t make any changes. In a certain sense, you should not be yourself. You should try to become something better. People say ‘be yourself’ because they want you to resist the impulse to conform to what others want you to be. But you can’t be yourself if you don’t learn who are, and you can’t learn who you are unless you think about it.

The Greek philosopher Socrates said, ‘The unexamined life is not worth living.’ And while ‘just do it’ might be a good motto for some things, it’s not a good motto when it’s trying to figure out how to live your life that is before you. And one important clue to living a good life is to not to try to live the good life. The best way to lose the values that are central to who you are is frankly not to think about them at all.

So that’s the deep advice. Now some tips as you get ready to go to your new school. Other the last couple of years, I have gotten to know many of you young men pretty well, and I know you are good guys. But you are also privileged young men. And if you weren’t privileged when you came here, you are privileged now because you have been here. My advice is: Don’t act like it.

When you get to your new school, walk up and introduce yourself to the person who is raking the leaves, shoveling the snow or emptying the trash. Learn their name and call them by their name during your time at the school. Another piece of advice: When you pass by people you don’t recognize on the walks, smile, look them in the eye and say hello. The worst thing that will happen is that you will become known as the young man who smiles and says hello, and that is not a bad thing to start with.

You’ve been at a school with just boys. Most of you will be going to a school with girls. I have no advice for you.

The last bit of advice I’ll give you is very simple, but I think it could make a big difference in your life. Once a week, you should write a note to someone. Not an email. A note on a piece of paper. It will take you exactly 10 minutes. Talk to an adult, let them tell you what a stamp is. You can put the stamp on the envelope. Again, 10 minutes, once a week. I will help you, right now. I will dictate to you the first note you should write. It will say, ‘Dear [fill in the name of a teacher at Cardigan Mountain School].’ Say: ‘I have started at this new school. We are reading [blank] in English. Football or soccer practice is hard, but I’m enjoying it. Thank you for teaching me.’ Put it in an envelope, put a stamp on it and send it. It will mean a great deal to people who — for reasons most of us cannot contemplate — have dedicated themselves to teaching middle school boys. As I said, that will take you exactly 10 minutes a week. By the end of the school year, you will have sent notes to 40 people. Forty people will feel a little more special because you did, and they will think you are very special because of what you did. No one else is going to carry that dividend during your time at school.

Enough advice. I would like to end by reading some important lyrics. I cited the Greek philosopher Socrates earlier. These lyrics are from the great American philosopher, Bob Dylan. They’re almost 50 years old. He wrote them for his son, Jesse, who he was missing while he was on tour. It lists the hopes that a parent might have for a son and for a daughter. They’re also good goals for a son and a daughter. The wishes are beautiful, they’re timeless. They’re universal. They’re good and true, except for one: It is the wish that gives the song its title and its refrain. That wish is a parent’s lament. It’s not a good wish. So these are the lyrics from Forever Young by Bob Dylan:

May God bless you and keep you always
May your wishes all come true
May you always do for others
And let others do for you
May you build a ladder to the stars
And climb on every rung
And may you stay forever young

May you grow up to be righteous
May you grow up to be true
May you always know the truth
And see the lights surrounding you
May you always be courageous
Stand upright and be strong
And may you stay forever young

May your hands always be busy
May your feet always be swift
May you have a strong foundation
When the winds of changes shift
May your heart always be joyful
May your song always be sung
And may you stay forever young

Thank you.

编者按

近期将刊登几篇提高阅读速度的文章，这些文章都是由我挑选，由我的高二学生翻译的，本篇文章是胡文博同学翻译的，请大家多支持，如有不足，请各位不吝赐教。文章最后附有原文链接，如有兴趣，请点击。

Speed reading is one of many skills that can improve your reading comprehension and shorten your study time. Many scholars consider speed reading to be the same as skimming, pointing out that you cannot speed read a text and expect the same amount of comprehension that you would get if you read it at a normal pace.However, skimming is a helpful tool in pre-reading and in reviewing texts, as well as in quickly gathering targeted information.

速读是可以提高你对阅读的理解并且节省你的学习时间的众多技巧之一。许多学者认为速读和浏览一样，并指出你不可能在速读的同时期待得到和按正常速度阅读得到的理解一样。然而，浏览是一个在预览文章和复习文本时有用的技巧，同时对快速地收集目标的信息也很有效。

一、训练阅读技巧

01
阅读字群，而不是逐字阅读。

Look at groups of words, not single words even if you do not want to not do it.

01

If you read a text one word at a time, then this will slow your reading speed way down. However, if you can get into the habit of reading groups or chunks of words at one time, then you can read much faster.

· Start by trying to look at a group of three or four words at once, then work up to looking at an entire line of words.

· Focus on words that give the sentence meaning, such as the nouns and verbs and pay less attention to the filler words, such as “A, the, and, etc.”

· To see the biggest improvement in your speed reading skills, combine this technique with other speed reading techniques.

如果你一次只读一个单词，这会将你的阅读速度拖慢下来。但是，如果你能养成一次成组地或一堆文字地阅读的习惯，你会大大提升阅读速度。

一开始，尝试一次同时看三四个单词，然后渐渐地努力一次看一整行文字。

专注于那些给予句子意思的词，例如名词和动词，而少把注意力分散到填充的词汇，例如“一个，这个，和，等等”。为了使你的阅读技能的最大的提升，把这个技巧和其他阅读技巧结合起来。

02
用手来帮助阅读

Read with your hands.

02
Use your finger to push yourself through the page. As you read, move your hand left to right under the text as if underlining it. Move your hand at the speed which you would like to read. You may start by moving at a slightly faster pace than your ordinary reading, and speed up on subsequent readings.

· While it used to be claimed that this use of the hand or finger “guided” the eye, it now appears that the finger sets the pace of reading rather than guiding its path. This is because it is difficult to pace the movements of your eyes, but easy to pace the movements of your hands.

· You can also use a pen or other object to pace yourself.

使用你的手指来把你带入到文章中。当你阅读时，在文本下方从左到右移动你的手好像你在标画一样。按照你阅读的速度来决定移动手指的速度。你在开始的时候可以移动地比你正常的阅读速度快一点，并且在接下来的阅读中逐渐提速。

以前人们认为这样使用手或手指“引导”了眼睛，现在看来手指指定了阅读的速度而不是指导阅读的路线。这是因为你很难掌控眼睛的移动，但是很简单控制手的移动。

你也可以使用笔或者其他物品来掌控你的速度。

03
扫描关键词

Scan for keywords.

03

Scanning is a highly effective way of extracting answers from a text without really reading it. If you know exactly what you are looking for—a name, a date, a statistic, or a specific word—you can find it quickly by skipping over large chunks of the text. To scan, first visualize the word, number, or phrase you would like to find. Then, run your eyes rapidly over the text. The information you are looking for should pop out at you.

· Try scanning with your hands or a pen, preferably a blue or black pen. Experiment with shapes to see which gets you the quickest results.

快速浏览是一个非常有效的方式来从文本中提取答案而不用真正地阅读。如果你准确地知道你要寻找什么（一个名字、日期、数据、或者一个确切的文字），你可以通过跳跃一大块文字很快地找到。要浏览，首先你要把你要找的文字，数字或者短语记在心里。然后快速地用眼睛扫过文本。你要找的信息应该呈现在你眼前。

尝试用你的手或笔来浏览，最好是一个蓝色或黑色的笔。试一试哪一个形状的笔让你最快地找到结果。

04
大块儿阅读

Chunk the material.

04
One of the reasons you read slowly is that you have to pause sometimes to understand what a passage is saying. You might also have to go back and reread things you have already read. To improve your speed reading, try to pause for reflection only at the end of a reading session (i.e. after about 15 to 20 minutes) or after finishing a section, such as chapter.

· To check for comprehension at the end of every speed reading session, write down keywords, or just summarize what you read in a few sentences or by explaining it to someone. This will help you keep to improve your comprehension, and it will also help you to retain information better.

阅读速度慢的一个原因是你有时候不得不暂停来理解文章在讲什么。你可能不得不回读一遍你已经读过的东西。为了提高你的阅读速度，尝试只在阅读部分的最后暂停来反思（例如在15到20分钟后），或者在完成一个部分后，例如一章节。

为了在每个速读部分后检查你的理解，你可以写下关键词，或者直接总结一下你在几句中读到的和解释给其他人听。这将会帮助你提升理解能力，并且还会帮你更好地记住信息。

05
限时训练

Race the clock.

05

You can train yourself to read faster by timing yourself as you go. Start by getting your base time. Set a timer for fifteen minutes, and speed read as you normally do. When the timer goes off, check to see how far you got. Do not count the words, just the pages or paragraphs. Record your figures: for instance, you might write “15min/6.5 pages.”

· Check your comprehension. Say what you learned out loud—you don’t need to write it down, just check to see that you took in the information you were reading.

· The next day, set the alarm for 15 minutes again and try to read faster. Record your times again (“15 min/7 pages,” for instance), and check for comprehension.

· Do this every day or 5 days a week to improve your skills. Try to beat your last time every session.

· If you notice your comprehension is dropping, you may have reached your peak, or you may need to aim for a more moderate improvement in speed.

你可以通过给自己计时来训练自己阅读更快。从制定一个基础时间开始。把时间设定为15分钟，然后正常地速读。当时间结束时，检查自己已经读了多少。不要数字数，只数页数或者段落。记录下你的数据：例如，你可能会写“15分钟/6.5页”

检查你的理解。把你学习到的大声地说出来（你并不需要把它写下来），只用检查一下来了解你在阅读时得到了多少信息。

第二天，再一次把时间设定为15分钟并且尝试读地更快。再一次记录你的时间（例如，15分钟/7页），然后检查你的理解。

每天这样做或者一周做五天来提升你的技能。尝试在每个部分都有突破。

如果你发现你的理解在下降，你可能已经到达了你的顶端，或者你可能需要制定一个更适中的提升目标。

二、使用SQR3法

01
纵览全篇

Survey the text.

01
Before you read, read all titles, chapter and section headings, subheadings, and any charts, graphs, diagrams, questions, and summaries you can find.

· If you are reading a text without these things, you might consider reading the first and last sentence of every paragraph or chapter to get an idea of the material the text is covering.

在你读之前，阅读所有的题目、章节和部分的题目、子题目、和所有你能找到的图表、图画、表格、问题还有总结。

如果你不知道这些的时候阅读文章，你可能会考虑阅读每段或每个章节的第一和最后一句来了解这篇文章包含的资料。

02
列出问题

Write questions.

02

Write down any questions you hope your reading will answer. You will comprehend more if you go into the text knowing what you want to learn. If you are not sure what you want to learn, go through and turn every chapter heading, section title, etc. into a question. Try to guess what the text will teach you: ask yourself the question you think the text might answer.

· If you like, add further questions while you read.

把你希望你的阅读将会解答的问题写下来。如果你在读文章时知道你想要学习的，你将会理解地更多。如果你不确定你想要学什么，把所有的章节题目，部分的标题等等变成问题。尝试猜测这个文章会教给你什么：问你自己一个你认为文章可能回答的问题。

如果你喜欢，在你阅读时增加更深一层的问题。

03
阅读文本

Read or skim the text.

03
Review your questions, then read the text. You may skim or scan, or you may just read at your current fastest pace.

· Depending on the length of the text, you may choose to read it all, or you may choose to read it in sections.

· For maximum comprehension, pause at the end of every section and think about what you have read. Answer the question if you can.

· For maximum speed, answer the questions once you have read the entire text.

复习你的问题，然后阅读文本。你可能会跳读或浏览，或者你可能用你现在最快的速度阅读。

根据文章的长度，你可能选择将它全部读完，或者你可能选择划分部分阅读。

为了最多的理解，在每个部分的最后暂停并思考你所读过的内容。如果你可以，回答这些问题。

为了最快的速度，一次回答你已经读的全部文本的所有的问题。

04
回答问题

Recite the answers.

04

Now that you’ve read, you should be able to answer the questions you asked yourself. Answer all the questions you have read. You do not have to write them down (unless that is your assignment), just recite them aloud.

· If you are pausing after each section, make sure you can recite the answer to that section before you move on to the next. If you cannot, go back and skim it again.

· If you feel you made an error in the framing of one of your questions, reframe it so that you can answer it.

现在你已经阅读完了，你应该可以回答你问自己的问题了。回答你已经读过的所有的问题。你不必把它们写下来（除非那是你的作业），只需大声地背诵出来。

如果你在每个部分后暂停，确保你可以在进行下一个部分之前背诵那一部分的答案。如果你不能，回去再浏览一遍。

如果你感觉你在设计你的问题时出现了错误，重新设计它让你能够回答。

05
复习文本

Review the text.

05

The final “R” in SQR3 is “review,” which will help you retain the information you have comprehended. Go back over the questions you have answered and see if you can still answer them from memory.

· If you cannot, skim the section again until you can.

SQR3中最后的“R”在就是“复习”，这将会帮助你记住你已经理解的信息。回去看你已经回答的问题并且检测你是否还能根据记忆回答他们。

如果你不能理解，再一次浏览这个部分直到你可以。

三、准备好自己

01
扩大词汇量

Expand your vocabulary

01
Running into words you don’t know is one of the great bogs of speed reading. You’re likely to get stuck on words with meanings you don’t know, and likely to miss key information. To expand your vocabulary, read more. When you don’t know a word, look it up.

· If you are reading a certain genre of text, such as a medical textbook, it will help to study basic medical jargon before you start reading.

· Reading broadly in the fields that interest you will expand your vocabulary.

碰到你不认识的词汇是速读中最大的泥潭之一。你很可能在你不懂其意思的单词上卡住，并且可能错过关键的信息。为了扩展你的词汇，请更多地阅读。当你不知道一个词汇时，用字典查出来。

如果你正在读某一类型的文章，例如医学教科书，在你开始阅读之前学习基本的医学术语会有帮助。

广泛地阅读你感兴趣的领域的书籍会扩展你的词汇。

02
有策略地选择选择文本

Choose strategic texts.

02
Because you’ll always be trading some of your comprehension when reading at breakneck speed, you might want to save speed reading for texts that are somewhat easy or that you won’t be tested on. For instance, you might choose to speed read a book that is written for young adults. Or, you might speed read a book that you need to read for a class, but that will not be on any exams or tests. Another good choice for speed reading would be a text you have read before that you would like to review.

· Avoid speed reading texts that you really need to know, such as material you will be tested on.

· Avoid speed reading texts that require you to subvocalize or analyze while you read, such as poetry or fiction. You will miss out on the most important information.

因为在你以很快的速度阅读时你将会丢失掉一些理解，所以你可能会想对一些简单的文本或那些你不会被测试的文本来进行速读。例如，你可能会选择速读一本给年轻人写的书。或者，你可能会速读一本你需要在课堂阅读的书，但是那本书并不会在任何测验和考试中用到。另一个很好的速读选择是一个你已经读过的书目来进行复习。

避免速读你真正需要去知道的文本，例如你将会被测试的材料。

避免速读你需要在阅读时默读或分析的文本，例如诗歌和小说。你将会漏掉最重要的信息。

03
做笔记

Take notes.

03

If comprehension is your goal, then processing what you just wrote is your best tool. After you’ve completed your speed reading of a text, take some time to reflect on it. Write down key ideas, discuss them with a friend, or just free-write about your impressions.

· Don’t make marks or highlight the text—this will interfere with your speed reading, and it may distract you from the information you are trying to absorb.

做笔记。如果理解是你的目标，那么处理你刚刚写的是你最好的工具。在你完成了对文本的速读之后，用一些时间来反思。写下关键词，和朋友讨论他们，或者就关于你的印象进行自由写作。

不要在文本上标记或标画，这将会干扰你的阅读速度，并且分散你要收集信息的精力。

Why Leaders Must Be Readers

引言

“Not all readers are leaders, but all leaders are readers.”

– Harry S. Truman

“不是所有的阅读者都能成为领导者，但是所有的领导者一定都是阅读者。”

——海瑞吐鲁门

I’m a proud nerd. I have always loved reading; to the exclusion of many things. It was only when I joined Toastmasters and started writing my speeches that I found my reading invaluable for ideas and conversation starters. However, as a leader, I found reading indispensable. Even though there was lesser time for reading on a regular basis, it seemed more crucial. Here’s my take on why ‘all leaders must be readers’.

我是个自豪的书呆子。我一直都酷爱读书，酷爱到许多其他事情都无暇顾及的地步。只有在我加入“会议主持人”组织并开始演讲之后，我才意识到我读过的书对我的思想和谈吐有多么重要的意义。可是，作为一个领导者，我发现读书不可或缺，而且似乎更加重要，即使在通常情况下阅读的时间更为稀少。为什么说所有的领导者都是读者，接下来是我的看法。

1

读书可以拓宽视野

Reading Expands Your Horizons

你能结识多少可以向其学习的领导者、企业家或者成功者？书籍能让你快速了解非常成功的人员和公司的历程，知识和理念；这些经常来自不同的文化。
How many leaders/ entrepreneurs/ achievers can you connect with and learn from? Books give you a fast insight into the journeys, learnings and mindsets of extremely successful people and companies; often from different cultures.

2

读书可以使你拥有新颖的想法

Reading Gives You Innovative Ideas

你知道吗？对你的团队有十种说“谢谢”的方式，这些方式可以把团队的效率和士气提升30％。你知道如何组织“思维导图”会议吗？你知道为什么你需要走路和举办会议吗？其实，我也不知道，直到我读了书。

Did you know about ten ways in which saying ‘Thank-You’ to your teams can boost productivity and morale by 30%? Did you know how to conduct ‘mind-mapping’ sessions? Did you know why you should walk and conduct meetings? Well, I didn’t either. Till I read books.

3

书和想法是交谈的开始

Books And Ideas Are Conversation Starters

唉，即兴演讲太难了！与人交往时应该聊什么话题？如何让人印象深刻？你完全可以这样：“你读过这本书了吗？”“我简直是太喜欢这个作者了，他／她对奔跑的见解真是精彩绝伦啊……”—阅读可以帮助你和他人建立更深层的联系。

Oh, the bane of table topics! Or what to talk about at networking events? How to make an impression? “Did you read that book on….?” “ I love this author…his/her views on running is so amazing…” – reading helps you make a deeper connect.

4

阅读是压力毁灭者

Reading Is A Stress Buster

比尔盖茨有个著名的习惯：每天睡前阅读15分钟。放下你手中的电子产品，拿出书来，你会发现，阅读是非常有效而且省钱的缓解压力的方式。

Bill Gates famously reads for 15 minutes before going to bed. Disconnecting from your gadgets and reading is a great, economical stress buster.

5

阅读给你思考问题的角度

Reading Gives Us Perspective

领导者有时会陷入线性思维困境。阅读有助于为自己开辟不同的观点和新的视角 — 不论你是否采纳，至少可以让你了解客户或成员的观点。

Leaders sometimes get caught up in linear ways of thinking. Reading helps open up differing viewpoints and fresh perspectives to a subject – adopt it or not, it makes you understand the customer or the member viewpoint.

6

阅读让我们成为思考者和行动者

Reading Makes Us Thinkers and Doers

在社交媒体盛行的时代，我们已经忘记了去深思——思考和反思与执行想法一样重要。阅读使我们成为思考者，因为我们需要用想象力把我们的想法形象化，然后思考需要如何修改它。

In the age of constant consumption in social media, we have forgotten to ‘chew the cud’ – introspection and thinking is as important as executing the idea. Reading makes us thinkers as we have to visualize the idea/concept in our imagination and then figure how we can adapt it.

7

阅读让我们成为更好的交际者

Reading Makes Us Better Communicators

读书人从阅读中学到的词汇量是不读书人的三倍。读书可以使你在交际中运用更高级更恰当的措辞和引用。而且，阅读还会呈现一些案例，可以运用到现实生活中。

Reading gives you an amazing vocabulary – three times more than non-readers. You use better words, correct words and quotes in your communication. It presents scenarios and case studies that you can use in real life.

8

阅读让我们挑战自我

Reading Challenges Us

阅读使我们远离自我陶醉和孤芳自赏。阅读给了我们一个宏观的视角去观察世界。阅读时时刻刻都在挑战者我们的思想，感情，灵感，判断，偏见，观点，以及信仰。当你和你的团队就某个争议话题进行争辩时，说不定创意就会来到你的工作中。

Reading saves us from narcissism and self absorption. It gives us a macro-view of the world. It challenges our thoughts, feelings, ideas, judgements, biases, deeply held beliefs and perspectives. You can spark debates with your team with the reference of controversial topics and innovation might flow into your work.

TED演讲：书籍如何成为心灵解药

如何阅读理解古典文学作品

Classic literature includes older works that have withstood the test of time and that are still widely read today. Some well-known examples of classic literature include The Aeneid by Virgil, The Odyssey by Homer, Inferno by Dante, and Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Whether you’re a student or just an avid reader hoping to delve into classic literature, you may be wondering where to begin. Familiarizing yourself with a text before you read, using reading strategies to improve your understanding, and finding ways to reflect on the text can all help you to understand a work of classic literature.

古典文学包括了那些经受时间考验的古老作品，至今它们仍然被广泛阅读，比如维吉尔的《埃涅伊德》，荷马的《奥德赛》，但丁的《地狱》，和莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。无论你是一个学生或者是一个渴望钻研古典文学的读者，你可能想知道从哪里着手。阅读之前先让自己熟悉一下文本，用阅读技巧去提升你的理解力，并找到一些方法来反思文本，这些都能帮助你去理解经典文学作品。

1
Familiarizing Yourself with the Text

了解作品

01
Read summaries of what the work is about. You can find descriptions or summaries of classic works of literature online, or read the back cover of the book to gain a basic idea of what the story is about. Knowing a bit about the plot, characters, and setting may make it easier for you to follow and understand the writing when you begin reading.

Just make sure that you do not substitute summaries for reading the actual text. Remember that a summary is someone else’s interpretation of what happened. Even if the summary is quite objective, it may contain some bias about character motives and potential meanings behind events.

阅读有关作品内容的总结摘要。你可以在线找到关于古典文学作品的描述或者总结，或者阅读这本书的封底，以了解故事的主要内容。对剧情，人物和设置了解一点可以让你在阅读时更加轻松的跟上并且理解作者的行文。

只要确保不要用摘要总结来替代阅读原著。记住，总结是别人对作品的解释。即使总结是相当客观的，它也可能包含一些故事中的人物动机和潜台词的偏见。

02
Learn about a book’s historical period. Understanding the time period in which a book was written can either help or hinder how you read that book. By researching the historical events that are depicted in the book or otherwise influenced its writing, you can come away with a better understanding of that novel’s narrative.

You can get a quick understanding of a given time period and/or the author’s life experiences by searching online.

了解原著的历史背景。了解作品的创作时间关乎你选择读原著的方式。通过调查书中描述或者影响其写作的历史事件，你可以更好地理解小说的叙述。

你可以通过在线搜索来快速了解的当时的历史背景和作者的生活经历。

03
Consider skimming. You can also skim a book or other work of classic literature if reading it seems too hard. Skimming will help you to gain a basic understanding of the plot, characters, setting, and concepts.

Read the first and last paragraph of each chapter to get a sense of what happens on the pages within.

Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph to get a sense of what happens in that chapter.

考虑略读。如果读起来太难的话，你也可以略读一本书或选择其他的古典文学作品。略读将帮助你获得对情节、人物、背景和概念的基本理解。

阅读每一章的第一段和最后一段，可以了解这一章发生了什么。

阅读每一段的第一个和最后一个句子，可以了解这一段落发生了什么。

04
Ask questions. If you know someone who has already ready this piece of classic literature, then asking him or her some basic questions may help you. You could ask the person to give you a basic explanation of the:

Characters – the people (and sometimes animals) in a work of fiction.

Setting – the place, time, and culture in which a novel takes place.

Plot – the things that take place over the course of the novel.

Theme – the underlying concept, idea, or belief that runs through the entire novel.

Conflict – a struggle that creates tension in the novel.

Climax – turning point at which the tension (created by conflict) cannot rise anymore and must be resolved.

Narrator – who tells the story (a character in the story or someone else?).

设置问题。如果你知道有人已经读了这一篇古典文学，问他／她一些基本的问题，比如：

人物-小说中的人（有时候会出现一些动物）。

设置-小说发生的地点，时间和文化背景。

情节-整本小说发生了什么事。

主题-贯穿整部小说的基本概念、观点或信念。

冲突-在小说中出现的紧张矛盾冲突。

高潮-冲突造成的紧张局势不能再持续发展，必须解决的转折点。

叙述者-谁讲了这个故事（故事里的一个人物或是其他人？）。

2
Improving Your Understanding

提升理解力

01
Consider reading an annotated edition. Many classic texts were written with a vocabulary or historical context that may be lost on contemporary readers. Reading an annotated version, which includes supplemental information and explanations, is an easy way to engage with an otherwise complicated text.

In addition to reading an annotated text, try keeping a dictionary or reader’s guide on hand when you read. These supplemental materials can help you work through difficult terms and confusing chapters.

考虑读一个带注释的版本。许多古典著作都是用有一些过时的词汇或语境，现在的读者可能已经不再使用。阅读带注释的版本，包括补充信息和解释，是一种处理复杂的文本的简单方法。

除了阅读带注释的文字外，当你阅读时，尝试拿着一本字典或读者指南。这些补充材料可以帮助你克服难懂的术语和章节。

02
Start reading and keep reading. Even if you struggle with the text, it is important to stick with it if you want to understand it. After sticking with it for a while, the language, setting, and characters may start to become more familiar to you.

If you encounter a difficult passage that you do not understand, mark the page and skip it for now. You can always come back to it after you have a basic understanding of the text.

Skip footnotes on your first read because these may slow you down.

Keep in mind that with difficult texts, it is often necessary to read through them more than once. After you have read through a piece of classic literature once, your second read through should be much easier and concepts that were confusing to you should make more sense.

开始阅读并且一直读下去。即使文本很难理解，如果你想理解它，坚持阅下去非常重要。在坚持了一段时间后，作品中的语言、场景设置和角色会开始变得更加熟悉。

如果你遇到了一个你不懂的困难段落，标记一下页面，暂时跳过它。在你对文本有了基本的了解之后，你可以再返回重新阅读。

在你第一次读的时候跳过脚注，因为这会让你慢下来。

记住，对于困难的文本，需要不止一次地阅读。在你读完一篇经典文学作品之后，你的第二遍阅读应该会更容易一些，而且你会更加了解那些曾让你困惑的地方。

03
Make comments in the margins of the text. If you’re trying to gain a better understanding of a difficult text, underlining passages may not be enough. Instead, try making comments in the margins to fully engage with the text. Your comments/notes can do any of the following to help you gain a better understanding of the material:

summarize the attached passages

make notes on passages that relate to other passages from earlier/later in the text

write (and answer) questions on anything you didn’t understand

agree or disagree with what a passage is saying

在文本边缘进行批注。如果你想尝试对于困难的文本有一个更好的理解，仅仅在页面上画上下划线是远远不够的。相反，试着在空白处进行批注来充分利用文本。你的批注/笔记可以通过以下方式帮助你更好地理解材料:

概括相互连接的段落；

在与前几章相关的段落做笔记；

写下（并且回答）你不懂的问题；

同意或者反对原文的观点。

04
Try reading and learning with a group. Some readers learn better while working within a group setting. Joining a book club or enrolling in a literature class at your local community college can give you the opportunity to discuss a novel with other readers and gain valuable insight from an instructor.

You can find book clubs in your area by searching online.

If you’re not able to enroll in a class at your local college, you may want to consider taking a massive open online course (MOOC). These courses are often free or very affordable and are frequently offered through prestigious educational institutions.

尝试以小组的形式来阅读。一些读者在小组中学的更好。加入一个读书俱乐部或者在当地的社区大学注册一个文学课能够给你提供机会与其他读者讨论，并且能从老师那里获得有价值的见解。

你可以通过在线搜索来寻找你附近的读书俱乐部。

如果你没办法在你当地的大学注册一门课，你可能想要考虑一下互联网上的公开课。这些课程一般都是免费的或者十分便宜的，并且经常是通过著名的教育机构提供的。

3
Reflecting On What You Have Read

反思阅读内容

01
Write a summary or summaries. After you finish the text or finish a chapter, commit to writing a brief summary of everything important that happened. Restrict yourself to about a half page or less, and make sure you address the major plot points, how those points affected each character, and how that chapter fits into the context of the larger book.

Write your chapter summaries without consulting the text or your notes. This will help test your understanding of what you’ve read.

写总结。在你读完了文章或者读完了一章时，简短总结文中的主要内容。总结需要限制在半页以内，并且确保你解决了主要的情节，以及这些情节如何影响到每个角色，以及这一章节如何融入整本书中。

写篇章总结的时候不能够看原文或是笔记。这将有助于测试你对所读内容的理解。

02
Tell someone about what you have read. Telling something about something you have learned is a good way to help you understand better yourself. If you have a friend who also has an interest in classic literature, then you might consider telling him or her about the text.

Even if you have not yet finished reading a text, you may benefit from describing what has happened so far in your own words.

给别人讲讲你读了什么。告诉别人你所读的东西是一种帮助你更好了解自己的好方法。如果你有一个对古典文学有兴趣的朋友，那么你可以考虑告诉他／她关于这本书的内容。即使你还没有读完, 你也会受益于描述目前的进度。

3
Watch a film adaptation. For many readers, visualizing the characters, setting, and plot points of a book make it easier to absorb the narrative. While watching a movie is not a substitute for reading the actual book, it may help you arrive at a better understanding of the book.

For example, if you are reading a play by Shakespeare, then check out a filmed version of the play. While some versions use creative staging, and may cut some of the dialogue, you will still be able to see most of the text come to life.

看改编的电影。对许多读者来说，通过屏幕观看书中的人物、场景和情节，能够让他们更容易理解故事的叙述。然而，看电影并不能代替阅读纸质的书，但它可以帮助你更好地理解这本书。

例如，如果你正在读莎士比亚的戏剧，那就去看一个电影的版本。虽然有些版本的电影使用了创作性的表演，并且可能会减少一些对话，但你仍然可以看到大部分的文本活灵活现在眼前。

4
Read commentary and critical analyses of the book online. After you finish reading, it may be useful to learn about what others have learned and interpreted from the text. Go online and see if websites such as Spark Notes and Cliffs Notes have any valuable information on your book. These often have information on themes, symbols, characters, and more, which may help you think about the book on a deeper level.

阅读书评和批判性分析。读完之后，了解别人从文本中所学到的东西也许会很有用。到火花笔记（Spark Notes）和科勒夫笔记（Cliffs Notes）之类的网站，搜索关于你所读的书的有用信息。这些网站通常都有关于主题、象征、人物等的信息，可以帮助你在更深层次上理解这本书。

选修六unit2是鉴赏英文的诗歌，最后一课的作业是让学生们模仿写英文诗。学生们的才华让我赞叹AMAZING，请大家欣赏几首吧

1

Teachers

Strict, friendly

Speaking, writing, smiling

Class on, class off

Three years

—方墨林

简评：在学生眼里三年高中眨眼就会过去，老师时而严厉时而慈祥，上课的印象最深的莫过于“Class Begins”和“Class is over”。 再读一遍，作为老师不禁感叹，人生能有几个three years, 送走一届学生，又迎来新生，接下来的三年会不会成为Ctrl+C和Contl+V呢？

2

Slowly he came from the path

Slowly he gave her the cloth

Slowly she fell in love with that man

Slowly she was accustomed to waiting on the distructed land.

Happily they agreed on the date

Happily she expected the coming day

Happily she married him

Happily she wished to have a good time.

Sadly he changed his heart

Sadly he never smiled to her

Sadly the man could escape

Sadly she couldn’t escape

Finally it was like a rose growing on the fertilizer

Finally she reallized

Finally the love was like a chain

Finally she would never love again

—宋依睿

简评：没想到小宋同学竟然能写出四个stanza, 每段不同的开头，凸显了每一节的主题，陷入爱河是缓慢的，步入婚姻是幸福的，变心是令人伤心的，结局是让人领悟深刻的。每个小结的押韵也做的非常好。

3

Wind blows all night小楼一夜东风劲

Old memories make you cry 故园催人泪下不自禁

Willows still stand there 东窗梧桐依旧立

Sorrow and despair 已然无神意

Ask what’s your feeling 问君此去几多情

Friends sad about your leaving 父老折柳饯吾行

—孙永鑫

简评：本诗最大的亮点是英汉对照，汉语诗和英文诗的押韵都做的非常棒。小孙同学真是有才啊。

4

A poem for you

It snows in the sky

A boy is waiting for you at night

Birds fly

people sigh

he wants to say hi

for his love is so bright

but you just turn away

never let him say goodbye

—杨续淼

简评：雪夜，春心萌动的少年独自等待心仪的女孩，却又不知道说什么好，苦思冥想出来一句Hi，却已经没有机会表白。花开堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。

5

When you look up at the starring sky

Stay there and don’t move your eye

Under the moonlight

The shadow of flowers is high

Don’t be shy

You’re the hero of the sight

I’ll stay by your side,

Forever if you like

—李嘉禾

简评：又是一首爱情诗，这次是女孩向男孩表白。不过，starring sky 和 moonlight能同时出现吗？LOL瑕不掩瑜。

06

Slowly the queen finds her losing pie

Slowly the carpenterworm transformed into a butterfly

Slowly Alice retrieves her momory

Slowly the Hatter protects his family

Slowly the girl arrives in the wonderland

Slowly the woman is equal to the man.

—许妍

简评：本诗把众多童话故事融入到一首诗中，可见平时小许同学读书不少。

这是发生在美国一个小镇罗切斯特的故事。在影片中，见识了一个什么是正人君子男子汉，以及什么是过人的智慧、果敢与勇气。

在美国，一个人走向高层，一定有他的过人之处。换句话说，一个有见识、有智慧、有勇气、果敢的正人君子、顶天立地的男子汉，一定有能力脱颖而出走到权利高层。

有一点必须提到的是，在这个故事里，如果当事人没有一枪在手及志同道合的帮手，英雄之举是创造不出来的。也许美国控枪遭到反对，这是一个原因，即当政府及社会黑暗、腐败的时候，人民还能用枪及武力由自己做主来解决不公正的问题。

美国枪支不被滥用，取决的是社会的公正、居民的素质及理性。

发生在英国及那不勒斯岛国的故事。

谈条件的婚姻，终究败给两情相悦的爱情，哪怕结果未知。金钱及美貌都可以得到想要的东西，包括美女俊男、婚姻、成长及权贵。可是当真实的爱情到来之时，这些东西都毫无价值。

影片让你体会到文明社会中的爱情也是一把双刃剑，不是让人新生就是让人毁灭。影片中展示的部落权利之争，也是你死我活般惊心动魄。除此，还能了解到未开化的原始地带的人，并不是那么淳朴，也有心机及可怕的杀人动机。那种地方还可能是漏网的死囚犯最愿意去到的终极藏身地。

里面许多的故事，唯有付出常人几百辈子的金钱才可以经历。想不花钱就了解非洲吗？那么就看看这部电影吧!

影片让我们看到战争毁灭了一切，包括物质与文明、爱情，也包括毁灭了战争发起者的梦想期望，唯有幸运可以成全。

从影片中，我们不胜感慨，从拿破仑进军莫斯科的60万只剩2万，到100年后世界第二次大战的败将希特勒，历史竟然会重复一样的错误。

发生在19世纪俄国的故事。

观影后你会有这样一种感受，当爱情处在一种情不自禁、一见钟情的境况的时候，局面是失控的。唯有深入及经历，才可决绝。